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Mathematics - Numbers

 Numbers

There are different types of numbers in the world. Each number is different from another, yet they may share some common characteristics. To help themselves keep track of and understand the similarities and differences between numbers, mathematicians have developed a grouping system that categorizes and describes numbers based on their characteristics.


Some of the most common groups in the system are:


  • Natural numbers
  • Whole numbers
  • Integers
  • Rationals
  • Real numbers
  • Prime numbers


Natural numbers

The natural numbers are all the numbers that you learn when you're a baby, like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and on and on. The natural numbers are also sometimes called the counting numbers because they're the first numbers you learn how to count.

  • Zero is not a natural number.


Whole Numbers

The whole numbers are the natural numbers and zero. i.e 0, 1,2,3,4,5.....


Integers

Integers are a special group or category of numbers that:

Consist of the set of numbers: {. . .-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. . .}

They consist of all positive and negative whole numbers that do not include any fractional or decimal parts

A few things to note here:

  • There are no fractions or decimals in any part of the numbers.
  • Negative numbers often represent the idea of being below a standard value.
  • Zero is an integer.


Rational numbers

These set of numbers are also called fractions or decimal numbers. This means we could have things like -1/2 or 1/3 or 3/4 or 0.5 or 1.75 or 11/7... Etc

Tips:
Fractions can be proper OR improper.
  • Proper fraction - 1/2, 5/3,  3/9...
  • Improper fraction - 2`1/4 ,  3`2/3...
You must always convert an improper fraction to a proper fraction.
 



Real numbers 

Real numbers are numbers that are not imaginary. Honestly, that's the definition. Real numbers are just numbers; 0, -1/2, 1,500, the square of 7 and basically all other numbers. 
  • The imaginary numbers are square root of -1 and infinity.



Prime numbers

They are numbers that  have only two factors 1 and itself i.e a number that can be divided by 1 and itself.
E.g 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17... Etc




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